<p>Flat Creek Ranch, formerly a working ranch in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, is a guest ranch. The original ranch was established by Cal Carrington between 1901 and 1918 at the base of Sheep Mountain, also known as the "Sleeping Indian". In 1923 a new owner, socialite and journalist Cissy Patterson, built the present structures. The transition from working ranch to vacation retreat foreshadowed a movement of the Jackson Hole economy away from traditional ranching to tourism, which is documented by the Flat Creek Ranch.</p><br>
<p>Carrington had worked at the Bar B C Dude Ranch from 1912 on, and established Flat Creek as a dude ranch. Cissy Patterson appeared in Jackson Hole 1916 as "Countess Gizycka", on the rebound from a failed marriage to a Polish count. Carrington and Patterson toured Europe together in 1922. Through Patterson&#39;s influence with US Senator Francis E. Warren, Carrington obtained a homestead patent on the ranch and then sold it to Patterson for $5000. In 1923 she built seven cabins, a barn and a lodge on the property.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the property is owned by journalists Joseph Albright and Marcia Kunstel. Albright, the former husband of the late Madeleine Albright, is the son of Cissy Pattersons niece Josephine Patterson Albright (daughter of Joseph Medill Patterson), who inherited the property at Pattersons death in 1948.</p><br>
<p>Cartwright Elementary School District is a school district in Phoenix, Arizona, United States which operates 21 schools in the city&#39;s Maryvale neighborhood. The district contains twelve K–5 elementary schools, four K–8 elementary schools, four 6th–8th grade middle schools and a preschool. that serve more than 18,000 students.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area at 51st Avenue and Thomas Road was settled and homesteaded by Reddick Jasper Cartwright (1837–1914), a native of Illinois, in 1877. In 1884, Tom Brockman, a native of California and fellow homesteader, donated land at 59th Avenue and Thomas Road for a school site. Cartwright and his neighbors raised enough funds to build the first one-room school house. In 1921, Cartwright School joined a neighboring school known as Independence and the Cartwright School District was founded. Mr. Glenn L. Downs became the first superintendent of the district in 1928. Mr. Downs and his family lived in the residence which is currently the Cartwright Heritage House. The two-story original all brick structure was replaced with the structure which stands today. The Cartwright School was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>In the 2020s, the instructional week became a four-day week as the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona occurred. In 2023, the teacher&#39;s work week was set to the same number of days.</p><br>
<h2>Schools</h2><br>
<p>Bret R. Tarver School</p><br>
<p>G. Frank Davidson School</p><br>
<p>Marc T. Atkinson Middle School</p><br>
<p>Byron A. Barry School</p><br>
<p>Glenn L. Downs School</p><br>
<p>Palm Lane School</p><br>
<p>Cartwright School</p><br>
<p>Heatherbrae School</p><br>
<p>Peralta School</p><br>
<p>Charles W. Harris School</p><br>
<p>Holiday Park School</p><br>
<p>Raúl H. Castro Middle School</p><br>
<p>Desert Sands Middle School</p><br>
<p>John F. Long School</p><br>
<p>Starlight Park School</p><br>
<p>Estrella Middle School</p><br>
<p>Justine Spitalny School</p><br>
<p>Sunset School</p><br>
<p>Frank Borman School</p><br>
<p>Manuel "Lito" Peña Jr School</p><br>
<p>Tomahawk School</p><br>
<h2>Gallery of Historical Cartwright School</h2><br>
<p>The Gettysburg Battlefield Historic District is a district of contributing properties and over 1000 historic contributing structures and 315 historic buildings, located in Adams County, Pennsylvania. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 19, 1975. Most of the contributing elements of the Gettysburg Battlefield are on the protected federal property within the smaller Gettysburg National Military Park.</p><br>
<p>Historic structures include the Battle of Gettysburg monuments and memorials. Historic buildings range from a 1776 Colonial tavern to a vacant 1962 Modernist museum (Demolished in 2013). Contributing structures include postbellum artifacts such as the 1895 Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin, the 1893 Electric Trolley Bed, and the only remaining Tipton Boundary Marker.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historical events regarding the districts registered/documented properties include the famous 1863 Battle of Gettysburg and Gettysburg Address, and the subsequent Gettysburg Battlefield memorial development, historic commemorations, and addition of visitor services during the subsequent administrative eras. Events preceding the battle include the prehistoric geomorphological events which formed the battlefield terrain that was an integral part of the battle, as well as the construction of structures subsequently associated with the battle. Notable antebellum structures that no longer exist include the 1761 Samuel Gettys tavern, as well as the along Rock Creek used by the Underground Railroad. The 1776 Dobbin House Tavern was outside of the borough when it was surveyed in 1785, and the 1786 Brafferton Inn (Hoke-Codori House) The pub (Quinns 1859 "Railroad Store", 1924 Mitchell&#39;s Restaurant) on the northeast of the center square subsequently burned and has been restored. By 1934, the first National Park Service Parkitecture of Gettysburg granite had been completed near The Pennsylvania State Memorial.</p><br>
<p>Official groupings of historical real estate tracts began with the 1864 Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association era, and continued with the initial United States Department of War acquisitions in 1893. The 1895 "Sickles Gettysburg Park Bill" (28 Stat. 651) designated the Gettysburg National Military Park (GNMP), which included areas outside of the battlefield (e.g., structures used as field hospitals) and which was transferred in 1933 to the 1916 National Park Service. The GNMP was added to the national register in 1966, and the Gettysburg Borough Council adopted a Historic District ordinance in 1972.</p><br>
<p>The historic district, which covers a larger area than either the national park or the battlefield, was designated via 2 multiple property submissions of contributing structures and properties, the first being the Battle of Gettysburg MPS on March 19, 1975. The list of classified structures was expanded from 618 to 1200 entries, and the second MPS was dated January 23, 2004. by "structure number":RR02:</p><br>
<p>MN807:</p><br>
<p>NPS02:</p><br>
<p>The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 1,022 acres within the battlefield historic district in more than 30 separate acquisitions since 1997. Some of these acres are now part of the Gettysburg National Military Park, but many continue to be owned by the Trust.</p><br>
<p>The Gap Puche Cabin is a log cabin near Jackson, Wyoming that is the last survivor of the early outfitting industry in Jackson Hole. It was built c. 1929 at the junction of the Gros Ventre River and Crystal Creek by brothers-in-law Actor Nelson and Charlie Smith. Beginning in 1930 the property was used by John Wort and Steve Callaghan as a base camp for their hunting guide, or outfitting operation, and became known as "Worts Hunting Camp". Callaghans interest in the operation was bought by Billy Stilson around 1935, and bought out Wort by 1939. The cabin was moved in 1942 or 1943 to its present location.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 Stilson sold the outfitting business to Gap and Peg Puche, who continue to use the cabin as a base camp.</p><br>
<p>Quarry Farm is located on East Hill overlooking Elmira, New York, and the Chemung River Valley. In 1869, Jervis Langdon purchased the property as a vacation home for his family. When he died the following year, it was inherited by his eldest daughter, Susan Langdon Crane. It remained in the Langdon family until 1982, when it was donated to Elmira College as part of the founding of the Center For Mark Twain Studies.</p><br>
<p>Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) was married to Susan Crane&#39;s younger sister, Olivia Langdon Clemens. During their courtship, Sam promised Livy that he would never allow her to feel the homesickness he felt, and from this promise emanated their annual summer pilgrimage to Quarry Farm.</p><br>
<p>All three of the Clemens&#39; daughters would be born at Quarry Farm, and during the three decades the family regularly summered there, Twain composed many of his books and other literature, including Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. He wrote most of this work in an octagonal study built expressly for him by the Cranes about 200 yd from the main house in 1874. That study was relocated to the campus of Elmira College in 1952.</p><br>
<p>As part of the stipulation of the gift, Quarry Farm is not open to the public, but is reserved exclusively for the use of scholars researching and writing about Twain and his circle. At least 10–15 of these Quarry Farm Fellows spend anywhere from a week to a month living in the house, surrounded by an extensive library of Twain-related materials, with access to the Mark Twain Archive at Elmira College, and assisted by the Center For Mark Twain Studies, which employs a full-time archivist and resident scholar.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln County Courthouse is a historic courthouse in Kemmerer, the county seat of Lincoln County, Wyoming, United States. The courthouse&#39;s architecture is an unusual mixture of the Beaux-Arts and Classical Revival styles. Built in 1925, it was designed by the Salt Lake City architectural company of Headlund & Watkins. Located at the intersection of Sage Avenue and Garnet Street, the courthouse includes a high dome and classical façade, supported by large brick walls.</p><br>
<h2>Functions</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse remains functional today, housing the offices of the county commissioners and offices such as the county assessor, county clerk, and county treasurer. Not all county offices use the courthouse; for example, the sheriff&#39;s office is located on a different street.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>Located adjacent to the courthouse is the Lincoln County War Memorial. Dedicated on June 1, 1990, the memorial honors residents of Lincoln County who were killed in World War I, World War II, and the Korean and Vietnam Wars.</p><br>
<p>On November 8, 1984, the courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Wort Hotel was built in downtown Jackson, Wyoming, United States by brothers John and Jess Wort, who were significant figures in the transformation of the economy of Jackson Hole from ranching to tourism. The somewhat Tudor-style building was the first luxury hotel in Jackson. The two-story building features brick facing, with half-timbering and stucco on the second floor and a series of gables facing the street.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was built on property that had been bought by Charles Wort, father of John and Jess, who operated a livery stable on the site from 1915 to 1932. From 1932 to 1940 the Wort Family operated what is now Signal Mountain Lodge in Grand Teton National Park, until the Wort Hotel was opened in 1941. In 1950 the Silver Dollar Bar was added, with 2032 uncirculated silver dollars embedded in the surface of the bar.</p><br>
<h2>Wort Family</h2><br>
<p>Charles J. Wort first arrived in Jackson Hole in 1893 at age 19 to visit his brother Hamilton and half brother Stephen Leek. Charles remained to homestead in the South Park region of Teton County. After a trip to his native Nebraska to marry his wife Luella Perkins in 1899 he returned with Luella. In the early 1900s he began to work as an outfitter, assisted by his sons John and Jess. The Worts began to assemble land in the center of Jackson in 1915 with the aim of eventually building a hotel. In the meantime Charles built the Wort Livery Stable and Corral on the property, operating until 1932, along with the Wort Garage at Broadway and Cache. In 1917 Charles and Luella bought the Jackson Hotel at North Cache and Deloney, operating it for slightly more than a year. In 1925 they built a house across from the future hotel on West Broadway, ending their career as ranchers. The house was moved to Wilson, Wyoming in the 1960s. They had previously built a log cabin at Broadway and Cache for their sons to stay in when inclement weather prevented them from returning home from school in Jackson. Known as the Wort boys&#39; cabin, it was later used as a law office by Will Simpson. Moved into Town Square, it is still used by a stagecoach ride concession in the summers. During the 1920s the Worts obtained the first concession in Grand Teton National Park at Jenny Lake, where they ran a boating concession. In the 1930s the Worts operated their hunting concession in the Gros Ventre Mountains at what is now the Gap Puche Cabin. In 1932 the Worts purchased the Ole Warner Camp on Jackson Lake, naming it the Wort Lodge and Camp and operating it until 1940 when it was sold as the Signal Mountain Lodge. The proceeds from the sale financed the construction of the Wort Hotel, undertaken by John and Jess, Charles having died in 1933.</p><br>
<h2>Hotel</h2><br>
<p>The Wort Hotel was designed by self-taught architect Lorenzo "Ren" Grimmett of Idaho Falls, Idaho. After observing the success of the Wort, Grimmett subsequently designed a near twin of the Wort, the Stage Coach Inn, in West Yellowstone, Montana, which he owned and operated himself. The Wort was finished just before the outbreak of World War II. Despite wartime restrictions, the hotel became popular with servicemen on furlough. Gambling was officially illegal, but tolerated until the 1950s, when Wyoming Governor Milward Simpson began a campaign against gambling. At the Wort, gambling retreated to the basement Teton Room, locally known as the "Snake Pit." Gambling finally ceased in the mid 1950s.</p><br>
<p>A fire in 1980 severely damaged the hotel, destroying much of the second floor, but it was reopened in 1981 with some changes. In 1984 the hotel was sold out of the Wort family. The hotel was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It was also inducted into, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Meet me at the Wort, which is released on 2006 by Charles Craighead with photography by David J. Swift, is a detailed history of the hotel.</p><br>
<p>The Huff Memorial Library is a historic library located at 320 South King Street in Jackson, Wyoming. The single-story log library was built by the Works Progress Administration between 1938 and 1940. The library replaced the citys first library, which had been established in St. Johns House in 1915 but had become too small for the city by the 1930s. Jacksons Lions Club, along with several other community groups, began to work to bring a county library to the city. The WPA approved the citys proposal for a library in 1938, and it was built over the next two years. The library was named after Charles Huff, the city&#39;s only physician for over twenty years. The county library relocated to a new building in 1997, and the old library became a county office building.</p><br>
<p>The Huff Memorial Library should not be confused with the Teton County Library which is located on 125 Virginian Lane, Jackson Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The library was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 5, 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The building consists of two connected two-story sections: a square warehouse and rectangular stable. They are built into a slight slope and only the west  elevation is fully exposed. It has a stone foundation giving way to brick laid in common bond rising to a low-pitched tin hipped roof with an unusual brick-corbeled cornice and a few arched dormer windows.</p><br>
<p>Inside, both sections are almost intact. The warehouse&#39;s floors are both open, with its upper floor supported by randomly spaced joists supported by heavy beams at the center. In the stable, the tack room and stalls have been removed to make space for contemporary automotive uses but other than that there have been no changes.</p><br>
<p>There are no outbuildings related to its original use surviving. Shay&#39;s house is also on the parcel, but it has undergone considerable change since it was built and is not considered contributing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Shay bought the Main Street-Point Street corner property around 1863. His house is shown on maps of the village from the next decade, but not the warehouse. It probably existed as it was not the custom of mapmakers of the time to show outbuildings. He used it for storage and transshipment of rags and cotton waste from the mills in Wappingers Falls.</p><br>
<p>In later years it would see other uses as New Hamburg changed due to the decline in commercial traffic along the Hudson River and the later rise and fall of the railroad over the 20th century. It would be a cooperage for apple barrels and a brass foundry. The stable was modified as cars replaced horses. At the time of its listing on the National Register it was a boat-repair shop, reflecting the nearby marinas that now dominate the hamlet&#39;s economy.</p><br>
<p>More recently it has been used just for storage. It is today the only intact surviving commercial or industrial building from New Hamburg&#39;s days as a river port.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetics</h2><br>
<p>Like the nearby duplex Shay built, the warehouse (stable) is very ornamented for a vernacular industrial or related building from that period in the Poughkeepsie area. Unlike the duplex, built five years later, its basic style is Italianate, as evidenced by the blocky forms and arched windows. But the decoration, particularly the corbeled brick, suggests an attempt to interpret the Picturesque mode popularized in mid-century.</p><br>
<p>Clark Hall is a building on the campus of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was completed in 1932 to hold the university&#39;s School of Law. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 2008.</p><br>
<p>It is the 10th property listed as a featured property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July 2008. Today, the building houses the University&#39;s Department of Environmental Sciences and the Charles L. Brown Science and Engineering Library.</p><br>
<h2>Murals</h2><br>
<p>Its two-story, sky-lit, mural-decorated Memorial Library room "is one of the Commonwealth&#39;s most significant 20th-century architectural interiors". They were created in 1934 by American muralist Allyn Cox and represent scenes of the development of civil and moral law.</p><br>
<p>Adams County Courthouse is located in the city of Decatur, the county seat of Adams County, Indiana. It was built in 1872–1873 at a cost of $78,979. The designer was J. C. Johnson, who had been trained as a carpenter and joiner and became a self-taught architect; he won second place in the Indiana State Capitol design competition.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The construction was done by Christian Boseker of Fort Wayne. It is built of red brick with stone ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>The building and three associated objects was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 17, 2008. Included in the NRHP listing are:</p><br>
<p>Peace Monument, a limestone statue of a female figure</p><br>
<p>Elephant Rock, a memorial to author Gene Stratton-Porter, consisting of a gneiss glacial boulder with a bronze plaque</p><br>
<p>Pioneer Memorial, a bronze plaque and stand, from 1936</p><br>
<h2>Featured property</h2><br>
<p>It is the 12th property listed as a featured property of the week in a program of the National Park Service that began in July, 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Miller Cabin complex consists of three buildings that were the residence of Robert A. Miller, the first superintendent of Teton National Monument. A house, a barn and a cabin built by the USA Forest Service are included. The property was eventually transferred to the USA Fish and Wildlife Service in what became the National Elk Refuge. The buildings are a component of the closely related Grace and Robert Miller Ranch.</p><br>
<p>Robert Miller was born at Wisconsin in 1863. He took up permanent residence in Jackson Hole in 1885, settling on land along Flat Creek. A prominent local citizen, Miller helped to organize the town of Jackson, Wyoming in 1901 and was president of the local bank. His wife served two terms as mayor of Jackson in the 1920s. Miller was chosen by Abraham Archibald Anderson, administrator of the new Yellowstone Timberland Reserve to be administrator of the Teton Division of the reserve from 1903, running the operation from his cabin.</p><br>
<p>As a result of local rancher, photographer and Wyoming legislator S.N. Leeks efforts, the National Elk Refuge was established in 1912 from nearly 2,000 acre of Millers land, and was administered from the house adjoining Miller&#39;s cabin.</p><br>
<p>The original cabin was Miller&#39;s home during his time with the Forest Service. The adjoining two-story house was used as the headquarters for the National Elk Refuge in its early years.</p><br>
<p>Wilson River Bridge, also known as Wilson River Bridge at Tillamook or Wilson River Bridge No. 01499, is a bridge near Tillamook, Oregon, United States. The 1931 bridge was designed by Conde McCullough in the Classical Revival and Art Deco styles. It covers a span of 180 ft and brings coastal USA Route 101  over the Wilson River.</p><br>
<p>According to the Historic American Engineering Record description:</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory , or SAFL, is a research laboratory situated on Hennepin Island in the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Its primary research is in "Engineering, Environmental, Biological, and Geophysical Fluid Mechanics". It is affiliated with the University of Minnesota&#39;s College of Science and Engineering. Research is conducted by graduate students and faculty alike using the 16,000 square feet of research space and 24 different specialized facilities.</p><br>
<p>The laboratory is unique in that its location next to Saint Anthony Falls allows it to use the hydraulic head from the waterfall to provide water for many of the experiments.</p><br>
<p>The experiments performed at the laboratory are varied, and may include:</p><br>
<p>Contract civil and environmental engineering work, such as dam construction and removal</p><br>
<p>Understanding river system dynamics</p><br>
<p>Work with oil exploration to characterize deposits in deltaic systems</p><br>
<p>Work to understand the interactions between fluid flow and the ecology of rivers</p><br>
<p>Work to understand cavitation in fluids in order to build better propellers</p><br>
<p>The Saint Anthony Falls Laboratory is also the headquarters of the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics, a National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center.</p><br>
<p>The laboratory is a contributing resource of the Saint Anthony Falls Historic District which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>SAFL was designed and built in the 1930s with funding provided by the Works Progress Administration and was headed by Lorenz G. Straub until his death in 1963. Construction began in March, 1936 and the Lab was opened and dedicated in November, 1938.</p><br>
<p>At first, SAFL focused on hydraulic and engineering research, but after Straub&#39;s death the Lab began to expand its research to broader focuses such as stratified flows, turbulence and hydrology. An atmospheric layer wind tunnel and multiple flumes were also added to the collection of research facilities. This was made possible through funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF).</p><br>
<p>From 1977 through 1993, the Laboratory emphasized the integration of education and basic and applied research. Several new faculty were appointed to bring new research efforts to SAFL like computational fluid dynamics, water resources and energy, environmental water research, naval hydrodynamics, cavitation, wind engineering, small hydropower development, rainfall modeling, and geomorphology to name a few. The NSF made SAFL the headquarters of the National Center of Earth-Surface Dynamics (NCED) in 2002, a center devoted to greater predictive earth surface technology and research.</p><br>
<p>In 2006, the University of Minnesota and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory implemented a wind-energy research consortium, called EOLOS, which brought together academic partners, industry, and government laboratories with help of a grant from the Department of Energy. This new facility located just south of Minneapolis brought SAFL more into the world of renewable energy research with the addition of a wind turbine among other things.</p><br>
<p>Since then, SAFL has become an internationally renown leader in the study of earth surface and fluid dynamics. Multiple new facilities have been added over the years to expand research capabilities and many have actually been created by the staff and are exclusively used by SAFL researchers.</p><br>
<p>Funding for SAFL&#39;s expansions has come throughout the years from a number of outside sources like NASA, NSF, USA Navy, Department of Energy, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Hamburg Ship Model Basin, the Legislative-Citizen Commission for Minnesota Resources, and many more.</p><br>
<p>The St. Anthony Falls Laboratory was added as a research facility to the University of Minnesota&#39;s College of Science and Engineering in 2011.</p><br>
<h2>Research programs</h2><br>
<p>Research at SAFL includes the work of many fields, including civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, hydrology, ecology, and geology. Research at SAFL has been spurred on in the first decade of the 21st century by its status as the headquarters of the National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics (NCED)</p><br>
<p>Analog material models of fluvial and depositional systems are employed by geologists at SAFL to understand the causes of river channel morphologies and dynamics, as well as to reconstruct the history of events that produces particular stratigraphic packages. Researchers working on channel morphology have shown the importance of vegetation in restricting braided channels to a single thread (and often sinuous) system. Research done on experimental alluvial fan deltas has highlighted the statistics of flow occupation and their potential hazard to life and property, shown autogenic cyclicity in patterns of sediment storage and release that determine short-term shoreline positions, and has been connected to sequence stratigraphy and the processes that form the stratigraphic record.</p><br>
<p>Research at SAFL is primarily concentrated in four major areas:</p><br>
<p>Earth surface, water, and life</p><br>
<p>Mitigating impacts of global environmental change</p><br>
<p>Renewable energy systems</p><br>
<p>Biomedical fluid mechanics for personalized health care</p><br>
<h3>Earth surface, water, and life research</h3><br>
<p>SAFL became involved with NCED in 2002, an NSF Science and Technology center that focuses on developing an integrated, quantitative approach to predicting the evolution of Earth&#39;s surface. It concentrates on a full range of critical disciplines such as engineering, Earth science, biology, mathematics, physics, and social sciences. Now SAFL is a part of NCED2, a grant that supports the continuation of the research synthesis postdoctoral and outreach programs created by NCED.</p><br>
<p>At present, SAFL&#39;s Earth surface research revolves around the following interlinked themes:</p><br>
<p>Multi-scale virtual aquatic environments</p><br>
<p>Interplay of fluid flow, microorganism physiology, and biogeochemistry</p><br>
<p>Particles, bubbles, and other multi-phase flows</p><br>
<p>Deltas and depositional systems</p><br>
<p>River networks as corridors of environmental change</p><br>
<p>SAFL&#39;s long-term research vision is to "develop an interconnected system of theoretical and computational models, supported by data streams from the living surface environment, that can provide testable, adaptive predictions for scenarios ranging from environmental restoration and natural hazard mitigation to changes in precipitation to global sea-level rise."</p><br>
<h3>Global environmental change research</h3><br>
<p>SAFL has active research programs in a number of areas to assess and quantify global change impacts and to develop science-based solutions for mitigating their consequences such as an altered atmosphere and a degradation of water resources.</p><br>
<p>SAFL research areas include:</p><br>
<p>Earth observations from space for assessing global environmental change</p><br>
<p>Debris flow hazards</p><br>
<p>River flooding</p><br>
<p>Air quality</p><br>
<p>Water quality and habitat</p><br>
<p>"Mitigating the impacts of global environmental change will be at the forefront of scientific research for many decades to come. SAFL is positioned to help create real and measurable impacts through catalyzing large-scale interdisciplinary research, integrating engineering with social, behavioral, and economic sciences, leveraging big data and data-driven science, exploiting exponentially growing computational capacity, and actively engaging stakeholders, policy makers, and communities."</p><br>
<h3>Renewable energy research</h3><br>
<p>Since 2007 SAFL has developed new experimental facilities at laboratory and field scales, advanced computational tools, and new partnerships with industry and government laboratories to position itself for more capable research in fluid mechanics and renewable energy systems. This research focus aims to use research and technology to combat and study the effects of climate change such as more frequent extreme weather phenomena, and sea level rise.</p><br>
<p>SAFL research in this field includes:</p><br>
<p>Wind energy</p><br>
<p>Water power (including hydropower and marine and hydrokinetic technologies)</p><br>
<p>Biofuel production from microscopic algae.</p><br>
<p>"The most economically feasible strategies for significantly reducing global carbon emissions involve substantial increases in energy production from renewable resources, which presently contribute only 10-13% in the world’s energy portfolio... Renewable energy technologies based on wind energy, marine hydrokinetic energy, and biofuel energy are integral parts of the living Earth-surface environment. The implementation of these technologies should be supported by mechanistic models, which are driven by real-time data, and should be integrated with policy, economics, human health sciences, and ecology. SAFL can provide national leadership on all of these fronts, working with a mindset to actively engage industry, government and state agencies, and other renewable energy stakeholders."</p><br>
<h3>Biomedical fluid mechanics research</h3><br>
<p>The coupling between fluid mechanics and biology has led to growth in recent years of research aimed at understanding the fluid mechanics of the human body and quantifying their linkages with disease pathways.</p><br>
<p>SAFL is a leader in cardiovascular fluid mechanics research using a simulation-based research approach. Novel computational hemodynamics tools have been developed, validated, and applied to study a wide range of clinically relevant problems. Partnerships have been established and leveraged within the UMN with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, the Medical School, and the Institute for Engineering in Medicine, as well as with the Mayo Clinic and other collaborators around the country.</p><br>
<p>Research themes include:</p><br>
<p>Cardiovascular fluid mechanics research</p><br>
<p>Respiratory fluid mechanics research</p><br>
<p>The guiding task for biomedical fluid mechanics research in the coming years is integration of computational tools from the academic research arena to clinical practice supporting the rapidly emerging future of personalized health care.</p><br>
<h2>Research facilities and engineering services</h2><br>
<p>The St. Anthony Falls Laboratory is a 16,000 square foot research facility on the Mississippi River. The Lab has 15 general purpose flumes, tanks, and channels that are readily configurable to the needs of a project and can indefinitely pump in water from the Mississippi at up to 300 ft³/s. Facilities at SAFL include the main channel, through which Mississippi River water can be sent for large-scale sediment transport experiments; the delta basins, designed to quickly build experimental stratigraphy; the eXperimental EarthScape facility (XES, nicknamed "Jurassic Tank"), a subsiding basin for large-scale depositional modeling; the Outdoor Stream Lab, which is used to understand fluvial processes and riparian ecology at closer to a field scale; and many other pieces of equipment. The lab is known for rapidly constructing and destructing experimental apparatuses, including full-scale models of rivers to understand the effects of dam removal.</p><br>
<h3>Engineering services</h3><br>
<h3>Main channel</h3><br>
<p>The main channel is SAFL&#39;s largest research channel, measuring 275 feet in length, is a straight, concrete channel that has the capability of a 300 ft³/s flow rate of water from the Mississippi River that can be run as a pond system or a flow-through system. The channel is equipped with a wave generator, sediment flux monitoring and recirculation system, and a data acquisition carriage.</p><br>
<h3>EXperimental EarthScape (nicknamed "Jurassic Tank" or XES)</h3><br>
<p>This specialized basin is used to study delta and basin morphodynamics on geologic time scales. This basin is unique to SAFL because of its design and capabilities: it can incorporate the effects of tectonism on surface processes by simulating subsidence in the basin floor and its data carriage allows data collection over the entire XES basin and assists in "slicing" for more visible cross-sections. The XES basin is home to SAFL&#39;s most advanced data carriage.</p><br>
<h3>Delta basins</h3><br>
<p>These two rectangular basins part of SAFL research on deltas and deltaic systems. The basins allow control of water surface, sediment feed, and water feed rates. Data acquisition includes a new SAFL-designed data carriage, topographic scanner, and various camera systems. Both basins are 16.4 x 16.4 feet and are 2.1 feet deep.</p><br>
<h3>Outdoor streamLab</h3><br>
<p>Located outside of the SAFL building, this uniquely designed was developed by SAFL and NCED and can be used to conduct larger experiments under controlled conditions. It is capable of creating floods and has a large range of flow rates for hydrological, ecological and biological research. the OSL allows for a range of water flow rates, sediment feed rates, a meandering river bend, channel formation, and flooding capabilities. This is used to facilitate a variety of floodplain, vegetation, and channel research opportunities. The StreamLab has a recirculating water outflow of up to a 200 L³/s</p><br>
<h3>Wind tunnel</h3><br>
<p>Designed for modeling of the air/land boundary layer, the wind tunnel can provide a circulating or once-through flow of air that can reach up to 148 ft/s. It is equipped with a glass observation wall, temperature and surface variation capabilities, a rotating turntable, smoke generator, and laser instrumentation. The tunnel has temperature control capabilities that allow for study effects of thermal stratification in atmosphere on structures.</p><br>
<h3>CloudIA</h3><br>
<p>CloudIA is a SAFL-created facility that is composed of 256 individually controlled air jets that can generate 1 m³ of air turbulence. It is designed to replicate conditions found in the atmosphere to study particle</p><br>
<p>behavior on a smaller scale. Liquid or solid micro-particles can be dropped in at adjustable rates and are tracked by multiple high-speed cameras and a high-repetition laser. CloudIA is also fully transparent to allow live</p><br>
<p>visibility.</p><br>
<h3>EOLOS</h3><br>
<p>A wind energy consortium that is partnered with many organizations that range from small companies to government agencies like the USA Department of Energy. Ongoing research projects deal with wind farm siting, condition-based monitoring, control system optimization, aeroelastic modeling, drag and noise reduction methods, radar interactions with wind farms, power electronics, and gear boxes.</p><br>
<h3>Other research facilities</h3><br>
<p>SAFL also has a number of other specialized that include multiple flumes, channels, tanks and basins of varying shapes and sizes depending on the research project.</p><br>
<h2>Education and outreach</h2><br>
<h3>Public lectures</h3><br>
<p>During the academic year, SAFL hosts on various topics related to environmental, geophysical and biological fluid mechanics and engineering featuring presenters from academia, government agencies and industry. These seminars are free and open to the public.</p><br>
<h3>Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU)</h3><br>
<p>The REU program is a collaboration among the University of Minnesota, the Fond du Lac Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa, and the Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes in Montana to study various research topics that can help problems in the community. Topics can concentrate on Earth-surface dynamics, geology, civil and environmental engineering, ecology, biology, hydrology, etc.</p><br>
<p>The Captain Moses W. Collyer House, also Driftwood, is located on River Road South in Chelsea, New York, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of Collyer, a riverboat captain on the nearby Hudson, from 1899 until his death on September 22, 1942, as noted by New York Times. A few years after moving in, he cowrote The Sloops of the Hudson, a memoir and history of the years when sailboats were the primary means of getting up and down the river. An exhaustive and complete work that drew on Collyer&#39;s background in a riverfaring family, it is today considered the definitive history of that era and its boats.</p><br>
<p>The house itself, built just before the turn of the 20th century, is an eclectic mixture of Late Victorian styles reflecting Collyer&#39;s experience traveling the river and its port communities. It is still a private residence, and not open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The house overlooks the Hudson River across River Road and the railroad tracks today used by Metro-North&#39;s Hudson Line. It is a two-story frame home on a brick foundation topped by a gambrel roof. On the south side, in the brick, is a datestone reading "M.W. COLLYER/1899". The west (front) facade has four bays on the first floor behind a wraparound veranda and three on the second. Projecting bays at the rear of either side have smaller gambrel roofs.</p><br>
<p>It is sided in clapboard to the roofline, then in shingles within the gambrels, except in the rear where the clapboard continues to the top. All the gambrels contain one window, with the west facade&#39;s Palladian-style one being the most elaborate.</p><br>
<p>The porch columns are the original woodwork, tapered and turned; a simple balustrade connects them. Much of the interior is also original, including the oak staircase in the entrance hall and a marbleized mantelpiece in the parlor. The upper floor and attic are finished, and were used as bedrooms and servants&#39; quarters originally.</p><br>
<p>There are several outbuildings, all considered contributing resources to the historic character of the property. A large clapboard garden shed with frontal cross-gable was built along with the house and follows its general design and decoration, as does a nearby wooden privy. The garage was built around 1932 by Collyer as a wedding present to his daughter, and has a wooden plaque noting this event.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Collyer was born around 1850 in Red Hook, further upriver in Dutchess County. His father, John L. Collyer, had started out on the river from his native Ossining (then known as Sing Sing) in the 1830s. Soon John Collyer became captain and owner of a North River packet sloop that sailed from upper Red Hook Landing, now known as Tivoli, to New York City in the 1830s, and continued sailing commercially in some capacity until his death in 1889. Collyer&#39;s uncles went into the shipbuilding business and also grew wealthy.</p><br>
<p>John Collyer sailed the sloop Benjamin Franklin out of Poughkeepsie in 1865. Moses joined the sloop that year as a cabin boy. The "Benjamin Franklin" carried crockery and earthenware from Fosters Dock at Poughkeepsie in the spring and fall to ports along the Hudson. Moses continued to work in the family business until leaving for the schooner Iron Age in 1877; the following year he became the captain and owner of the Henry B. Fidderman, another schooner. Two years later he switched to steamers as captain of the Henrietta Collyer, built in Nyack for the rivers iron and limestone trade.</p><br>
<p>Captain Collyer also acquired the sloop Mohican, built in 1837 at Peekskill, and had her sunk in front of his house to serve as a breakwater and dock. The "spine" of the Mohican can be sometimes be seen south of the Chelsea Yacht Club, especially at low water.</p><br>
<p>Members of the Collyer family, including Moses, had lived in Chelsea since 1868, although it is not known where. In 1899, nearing retirement as the New York Central Railroad&#39;s lines up the river had supplanted navigation in the Hudson Valley, Collyer built the house. Detailed records kept during its construction, including photos at different stages of the process and receipts for construction materials, survive to this day and are a useful record of turn-of-the-century building practices.</p><br>
<p>A few years later, Collyer and William Verplanck, the scion of a wealthy family in the area and a boat owner himself, collaborated on The Sloops of the Hudson, a history of the sail era on the river. Collyers detailed recollections of the ships and people he had known over the years made the books second half, which he wrote, the essential resource on the subject as there is no other record so comprehensive.</p><br>
<p>Other than the construction of the garage, there have been few other alterations to the house. The porch steps have been rebuilt and a handrail added. The porch itself has been enclosed.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetics</h2><br>
<p>The house represents a mix of styles, waxing and waning, in a fashion popular during the last years of the 19th century. The irregular, yet compact, massing of the main forms and mixture of materials are characteristic of the Queen Anne style, then reaching its final stages. In contrast, the gambrel roof and Palladian window show the emergence of the Colonial Revival, a style that would become widespread in the first decades of the new century. Its overall generic style demonstrates architectural trends moving out of their original contexts and the integration of Chelsea with the larger economy.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the house reflects changing tastes as well. The interior&#39;s rooms are less grand than most earlier Victorian homes, suggesting a space meant for living as opposed to entertaining, and the more open placement of the kitchen and other backrooms suggest a more egalitarian attitude than a strictly Victorian home would. The contrast between the values of the Queen Anne style and the Colonial Revival is also represented by the marbleized mantelpiece and unpainted oak stair respectively.</p><br>
<p>The Ramshorn Dude Ranch Lodge in Grand Teton National Park was built after 1935 by mountaineers Paul Petzoldt, founder of the National Outdoor Leadership School, and Gustav Koven. The property that became the Ramshorn Ranch was originally established by Ransom Adams at the mouth of Gros Ventre Canyon near Ditch Creek. By 1921 the property was acquired by Jack and Dollye Woodsman, who established the Flying V dude ranch, featuring a large central lodge. In 1932 the lodge burned, prompting the Woodsmans to sell the ranch to Koven and Petzoldt in 1935, who planned to expand the dude ranch as a climbing school and hunting camp. Petzoldt withdrew from the partnership in 1937 after suggesting the name be changed to the Ramshorn Ranch. The present lodge was completed in 1937 by the Woodward brothers, who took over operation. A variety of owners and partners ensued until 1956, when the ranch was sold to the National Park Service. The Park Service then leased the ranch back to concessioners who operated it as the Elbo Ranch until 1973, replacing the former Elbo Ranch purchased by the Park Service. The Teton Science School was established on the property in 1974 under a special use permit.</p><br>
<p>The lodge is now the main building of the Kelly Campus of the Teton Science School, and retains its rustic character. Structures from the nearby Hunter Hereford Ranch designed by Ogden, Utah architect Eber Piers were moved from the Hunter ranch when the Hunter residential complex was removed in the 1990s. The Ramshorn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1998.</p><br>
<p>Travellers Rest, also known as Golgotha, For many years this plantation was worked and maintained by enslaved Black people.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since December 30, 1969, for its 18th century agricultural, political, and military history significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1799 the two-story structure with four rooms was built by politician and judge John Overton (1766–1833). Archaeologists now know that these remains were part of a large Mississippian village site. Overton changed the name of the plantation to Travellers Rest in the early 19th century to reflect the recreational effect his home had on him after the long rides on horseback that he had to undertake as a circuit judge. Overton died at Travellers Rest on April 12, 1833.</p><br>
<p>An addition was made to the house in 1812, to accommodate members of Overton&#39;s family. A long ell was added soon after 1820 when Overton married a widow with five children.</p><br>
<p>Overtons widow occupied the home until her death in 1862. After her death, her son John and his wife Harriet and their children continued to occupy the home. The plantations farm, which covered 1,050 acres and was worked by 80 slaves, was valued at several million dollars during this time. A final addition to the house was made in 1887 by John Overton II, when two rooms where added to the ell, one above and one below.</p><br>
<p>The plantation building was saved from demolition and restored in 1954 to become a museum. Additional archaeological finds were reported from the property as recently as 1995, when construction at the visitors center resulted in disturbance of additional human burials. As of 2008, the Travellers Rest Plantation & Museum houses exhibits that document the life and work of John Overton, the history of the Overton Plantation and Nashville in the Civil War. It is located at 636 Farrell Parkway in Nashville.</p><br>
<p>The Manges Cabin in Grand Teton National Park, also known as the Old Elbo Ranch Homestead Cabin, Mangus Cabin and the Taggart Creek Barn, was built in 1911 by James Manges. Manges was the second settler on the west side of the Snake River after Bill Menor, setting up a homestead near Taggart Creek. James Manges  arrived in Jackson Hole in 1910, where he cut wood for Charles or William Wort. Manges&#39; cabin is stated to have been the first two-story structure in the northern part of the valley. A root cellar was excavated beneath. The log and frame structure features wide eaves to keep the winter snow away from the walls. It was heated in winter by a single stove, with one room on each level.</p><br>
<p>The cabin became part of Manges&#39;s ranch, which took on the character of a dude ranch with guest cabins. In 1926 Manges sold 40 acre of the ranch to neighbor Frank Williams, who expanded the Double Diamond Dude Ranch with partner Joseph Clark Jr.</p><br>
<h2>Elbo Ranch</h2><br>
<p>In 1926 Californian Chester Goss bought the property, as well as the neighboring Frank and Albert Bessette ranches. Goss, amassing a total of 423 acre, expanded the accommodations and built a rodeo ground, racetrack, baseball field and store and renaming the property the Elbo Ranch. The Elbo&#39;s advertising called it "The Home of the Hollywood Cowboy." The Snake River Land Company bought the Elbo ranch in 1929 as part of its work to assemble lands in Jackson Hole for preservation in an expanded national park.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was acquired by the Park Service in 1956 and was used as employee housing. By 1973 the Park Service had removed most of the structures and was using the cabin as a barn. The Manges Cabin was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Leek&#39;s Lodge is part of a former resort and dude ranch in Grand Teton National Park, near Jackson Lake. The ranch was established to offer activities to boys in a frontier setting. Its founder, Steven N. Leek, was instrumental in the establishment of the National Elk Refuge in Jackson Hole. The rustic lodge was built in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The camp operated as a park concessioner after the establishment of Jackson Hole National Monument in 1943. In 1977 the camp was operated as part of Signal Mountain Lodge and most remaining buildings were removed. A 1998 fire destroyed the main lodge, leaving only the chimney standing. The Park Service-operated Leek&#39;s Marina is located at the site.</p><br>
<p>Leek&#39;s Lodge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 5, 1975. It was removed from the National Register on April 15, 2014.</p><br>
<p>The North Shore Beach and Yacht Club is an Albert Frey-designed building in North Shore, California. It opened in 1959 as part of a $2 million development along the northeastern shore of the Salton Sea which would become Californias largest marina. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. Ever-increasing salinity from agricultural runoff from both the Coachella Valley and Imperial County combined with fluctuating water levels culminated in a major flood in 1981, destroying the clubs jetty and making it impossible for boats to dock at the club; it would be completely closed by 1984. However, the club remained in use by the community into the early 1990s.</p><br>
<p>Like the majority of the buildings which surround it, the North Shore Beach and Yacht Club was abandoned and vandalized. In July 2009, Riverside County supervisors approved the reception of a grant of $3.35 million as part of an overall package of $30 million to redevelop and restore the property.</p><br>
<h2>Salton Sea History Museum</h2><br>
<p>On May 1, 2010, the restored yacht club was reopened to the public as the Salton Sea History Museum, serving as a community center as well as a museum. The property that was the North Shore Beach and Yacht Club is owned by Riverside County, which made the decision to relocate the museum to Mecca, California and the property is now reserved for community events.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Several prominent figures from the entertainment industry docked boats there, among them members of The Beach Boys, Guy Lombardo, Jerry Lewis and The Marx Brothers. North Shore Beach and Yacht Club is pictured on the Album cover of Minutes to Midnight by Linkin Park.</p><br>
<p>Norwood Hills Country Club, formerly known as North Hills Country Club, is a country club located in Jennings, Missouri. Norwood Hills Country Club has a rich tradition and history dating back to the 1920s, when Norwood found its beginning as North Hills Country Club. It has an excellent youth golf program, and is the home course to Lutheran High School North. Norwood is very youth oriented and friendly. It is also known for its high value to cost ratio compared to other area country clubs. The club has hosted many prestigious events including the National Left-Handed Golfers Championship in 1936 and 1940, the PGA Championship in 1948 won by Ben Hogan, the LPGA Tours St. Louis Womens Invitational from 1965 to 1969, the PGA Tours Greater St. Louis Golf Classic in 1972 and 1973, the USA Senior Amateur in 2001, and the USA Women&#39;s Mid-Amateur in 2018, and the in 2021.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The First Christian Church is a historic Disciples of Christ church located at 101 North Tenth Street in Columbia, Missouri. It was designed by T.N. Bell of Chicago, Illinois and built in 1893. It has a Richardsonian Romanesque style Sanctuary that includes a square bell tower, horizontal massing with contrasting high gables, round arches, heavy and highly textured stone work, and voussoir arches. The Education Building was designed by Eugene Groves and added in 1929. This is the second church building to stand at this site. The building is still a functioning church today.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is located in the North Village Arts District.</p><br>
<p>The former Chelsea Grammar School is located on Liberty Street in Chelsea, New York, United States. It is an intact one-room schoolhouse from the late 19th century, when the hamlet was a thriving Hudson River port.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places since it has remained largely intact since its construction. Its use as a school ended in the mid-20th century when the smaller local school districts of the area were consolidated into the Wappingers Central School District. Since then, the local fire department has used half of it as a community center, and the United States Postal Service has leased the other half for use as the local post office, serving the 12512 ZIP Code.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The building, a one-story rectangular brick building with a gabled roof covered in asphalt shingles, was constructed in 1875. It is pierced at the east (front) end by a square frame bell tower with paired arched louvered vents on all four sides. The roof overhangs the walls with a broad fascia; there is no other attempt at ornament.</p><br>
<p>On the front facade, the entranceway&#39;s segmented and hooded openings are flanked by two windows with arched heads and corbeled brick hoods. A marble datestone with "1875" on it is set into the gable side above the entrance, and a louvered oculus is near the apex.</p><br>
<p>Both sides have four tall and narrow window openings, now filled with louvers. All are topped with a corbeled and segmented brick lintel and have a stone sill beneath. There are two similar windows in the rear, as well as a newer one, and an enclosed entranceway.</p><br>
<p>Inside, it retains many of its classroom features, including the blackboards. It has been partitioned since then for its use as a post office.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>An 1858 map of the Chelsea area shows an earlier school on the same site. When the new one was built, the Gothic Revival style echoed the steeply-pitched roofs of neighboring St. Mark&#39;s Episcopal Church, built in the mid-1860s in the same style. The placement of the two buildings, on a rise in the middle of the community overlooking the river that was its commercial lifeblood, reflected their importance within Chelsea.</p><br>
<p>A few changes have been made since its construction, most since its use as a school ended. The original front doors have been replaced with metallic fire doors. A window has been added to the rear along with an enclosed entryway and a shed built in the rear. When the post office came in, the side windows were louvered shut.</p><br>
<p>The Queens Laundry Bath House is a ruinous structure in Yellowstone National Park. The log building sits on the edge of the Queens Laundry thermal feature in the Lower Geyser Basin. The water at this location is somewhat cooler than the norm, allowing early tourists to bathe. Begun by Yellowstone park superintendent Philetus Norris, the bath house was intended to have two rooms and a dirt-covered roof, but was never completed. Begun in 1881, it may be the oldest extant park visitor structure in the National Park Service system.</p><br>
<p>The ruins are located near the western end of Sentinel Meadows on a travertine mound formed by Queen&#39;s Laundry Spring. The structure measures 8.16 ft by 19 ft, and had a low shed roof. The log walls were vee-notched. The roof structure is incomplete and gradually deteriorating, and was intended to be covered with earth. The interior comprises two rooms of approximately equal size, which are in the process of gradually being covered by hot springs deposits.</p><br>
<p>In his 1881 annual report, Superintendent Norris proposed the construction of the bath house for public use. After the structure was partly built, Superintendent Patrick H. Conger took over management and declined to pursue its completion. The park proposed removing it entirely in 1964, but opted to retain it as the only example of a park structure from Yellowstone&#39;s early period of civilian management.</p><br>
<p>The String Lake Comfort Station is one of three similar buildings in Grand Teton National Park that were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Public Works Administration to standard National Park Service plans. Built between 1934 and 1939, the String Lake station was originally located near the Jenny Lake ranger station. It is an example of the National Park Service Rustic style.</p><br>
<p>The String Lake Comfort Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The White Grass Dude Ranch is located in the White Grass Valley of Grand Teton National Park. The rustic log lodge, dining hall service building and ten cabins were built when a working ranch was converted to a dude ranch, and represented one of the first dude ranch operations in Jackson Hole. The White Grass was established in 1913 by Harold Hammond and George Tucker Bispham, who combined two adjacent ranches or 160 acre each, and was converted to a dude ranch in 1919. Bispham had worked at the Bar B C before moving out on his own. The dude ranch operation continued to 1985, when the ranch was acquired by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The White Grass overlooks the southern end of Jackson Hole, lying close to the southern Teton Range, just to the west. The ranch complex is organized around its central road, with the dining hall and lodge near the center and the cabins disposed to the north of the dining hall and on either side of the one lane road. Structures share a consistent rustic character, varied chiefly by a choice of green or red asphalt roll roofing. The White Grass once featured a concrete-lined swimming pool,</p><br>
<p>The ranch includes the Main Cabin, with kitchen and dining hall, and which is believed to have been the original Hammond residence. Other structures include the Hammond Cabin, occupied by the Hammonds, the Bachelors Quarters and Girls Cabin for male and female employees, and the guest cabins.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Harold Hammond was born in 1891 in Blackfoot, Idaho, arriving in Jackson Hole at the age of ten to live with his sister. In 1910 he worked for the Bureau of Reclamation at Jackson Lake Dam, then worked as a wrangler for the Bar B C. Hammond was intermittently available at the ranch, probably working at the Bar B C in 1914 and enlisting in the USA Army for two years from 1917. After 1919 Hammond and Bispham operated the dude ranch in earnest, doing away with most traditional ranching operations. By 1924 Bispham and Hammond sold out to the Bar B C, but continued to manage the White Grass. Hammond set up a fox farm on the ranch which sold pelts to dudes in 1925, a revenue-increasing strategy employed by several other ranches, incorporating the operation in 1927. In 1928 Hammond and Bispham bought back the operation from the Bar B C Corporation, then Bispham sold out to Hammond in December. Hammond expanded to 18 cabins by 1930, adding private baths by 1936, apparently against opposition by some long-term customers who were accustomed to privies and bath water delivered by roustabouts. The main house expanded as well.</p><br>
<p>Hammond had married Marie Adele Ireland of Crystal Run, NY in 1922, but Marie died a few years later. In 1936 Hammond married dude Marion Galey, a widow who had been coming to Jackson Hole since 1919, spending her summer that in 1919 at the Bar B C, then staying at the White Grass until Christmas. Her son, Francis "Frank" Holt Galey, Jr. began working at the White Grass the year of the marriage. Harold Hammond began to suffer from ill health and died in 1939. Marion and Frank then took over the operation. With the coming of World War II the ranch suffered from a shortage of supplies and labor. Frank Galey enlisted in the military and left the ranch with caretakers. Returning in 1946 he found that the ranch had deteriorated. In partnership with Norman Mellor, Galey expanded the ranch to handle 55 dudes. Galey bought out his mother and Mellor in the 1950s, and in 1956 he was forced to sell the bulk of the ranch to the National Park Service for $165,000 and a life estate so the property could be used as a bat-sanctuary. In 1966 he closed the fox farm. Galey died in 1985 and the ranch became Park Service property.</p><br>
<p>The White Grass is significant along with the JY and Bar B C as one of the first dude ranching operations in Jackson Hole. After Hammond and Bispham converted it from a working ranch to a dude ranch, control passed to Hammond&#39;s son Frank Galey who operated it until his death in 1985, the longest-active dude ranch in Jackson Hole.</p><br>
<h2>Present use</h2><br>
<p>Following Frank Galey’s death in July 1985, dude ranch operations ceased and the cabin Galey built in the late 1940s burned to the ground. Soon after, Grand Tetons National Park, owner of the White Grass Ranch since 1956, inventoried the property and began efforts to return the land to its ‘natural state’ removing several landscape features and many White Grass buildings not listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>In 2002, the Park explored the feasibility of rehabilitating the ranch for a National Park Service (NPS) training center to teach historic preservation skills. The National Trust for Historic Preservation and the National Park Service signed an agreement in 2003 to create a historic preservation training program and facility that focused on western rustic historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Western Center for Historic Preservation (WCHP/NPS), newly established in 2006 and headquartered in Moose, WY, worked to rehabilitate the 13 original log buildings while simultaneously training NPS staff and volunteers in the appropriate methods to preserve and maintain rustic western architecture. Preservation workshops began in 2016 with the newly rehabilitated cabins acting as housing for trainees and volunteers, while new interpretation programs emerged to convey the architecture as well as the lifestyles of early residents, giving new life to the buildings.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Delmar, New York is located on Delaware Avenue  in the middle of the hamlet. It serves the 12054 ZIP Code, covering Delmar and its surrounding area. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. To date it is the only current post office in Albany County on the Register.</p><br>
<p>It is a small brick building constructed in 1939, near the end of the Great Depression. Louis A. Simon, the Treasury Departments supervising architect at that time, designed 13 total post offices for New York in the Colonial Revival style similar to Delmars. But that one was the only one from whose design he omitted a cupola. The lobby is decorated with a mural auspices, showing a scene of the Indian Ladder at nearby John Boyd Thacher State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is a one-story, five-bay brick building with stone water table. Its double-doored main entrance is at the top of a set of granite steps with iron railings. The door is surrounded by fluted Doric pilasters and an entablature; above it is a fanlight with cast aluminum eagle. The words "UNITED STATES POST OFFICE" are spelled out in bronze letters across the frieze, with "DELMAR 12054 NEW YORK" above the door.</p><br>
<p>On either side of the door are two original lamps and two windows with limestone sills and lintels. A wooden dentiled cornice runs around the roofline. Above it is a slate gabled roof.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations have a pair of windows each. The gable ends are sided in clapboard with a semicircular opening with radiating mullions. At the rear are two wings: one three-bay workroom wing where the cornice is replaced with a parapet. A four-bay wing, added later, duplicates the roof detailing on the main building but is not considered contributing.</p><br>
<p>On the inside, the entry leads to a wooden vestibule with paneled pilasters. The L-shaped lobby has a red-and-black terrazzo floor, white marble dado and dark marble baseboards. They give way to plaster, which forms a simple cornice at the junction of wall and ceiling. A 1940 mural, "The Indian Ladder", by Works Progress Administration artist Sol Wilson fills the wall above the postmaster&#39;s office. Many of the original furnishings remain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Delmar had had a post office since 1840, in space leased in a building on Elsemere Avenue. A single-family house, demolished after the new building was authorized in the mid-1930s, stood on the present site. General contractors Loucks and Clarke of Wallingford, Connecticut won the bid and broke ground in 1939, opening the new building the following year.</p><br>
<p>The post office has seen only one significant change since then. The rear wing was built in 1959 to handle increased volume.</p><br>
<h2>Aesthetics</h2><br>
<p>Louis Simon, Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department, under whose jurisdiction the Post Office was at the time, designed 13 post offices in New York in a variation of the same basic model. Of these, Delmars is the only one to not include a cupola in its original design (Atticas had one when built, but it has since been removed).</p><br>
<p>The Kimmel Kabins were a tourist camp in Grand Teton National Park. The camp was built in 1937 by J.D. and Lura Kimmel with a rustic lodge and eleven cabins on either side of Cottonwood Creek south of Jenny Lake. The camp is the only remaining example of a motor court-style camp in Grand Teton out of as many as twelve former establishments. The camp eventually featured a store with a post office.</p><br>
<p>The Kimmels sold the strategically located property in 1944 in exchange for a life estate. After Lura Kimmel&#39;s death in 1962 the cabins were used as seasonal residences for National Park Service employees and the other buildings were removed.</p><br>
<p>The Kimmel Kabins were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Allegheny Post Office is a historic building in the Allegheny Center neighborhood on the North Side of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1897 as the main post office for what was then the independent city of Allegheny and later became part of Pittsburgh. After the post office closed in 1967, the building was slated for demolition as part of the Allegheny Center urban renewal project. However, the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation  mounted a successful campaign to save the building, raising about $835,000 to purchase and restore it for their own use. In 1972, the building reopened as the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Museum, exhibiting items from PHLF&#39;s collections of historic artifacts.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the lower level of the building became the first home of the Childrens Museum of Pittsburgh. The Childrens Museum eventually expanded to occupy the entire post office building as well as the neighboring Buhl Planetarium building and a new addition.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. It was the first building in Allegheny County to be added to the register.</p><br>
<p>Greenwood, also known as Greenwood Heights, is a historic home located at Columbia, Missouri. It was built about 1839, and is a two-story, "T"-plan, Federal style red brick farmhouse on a stone foundation. It is one of the oldest remaining structures in Boone County, Missouri. Today the house is under private ownership.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The North Ninth Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Downtown Columbia, Missouri, USA. It encompasses seven contributing buildings in an area that has historically been a center of commerce, recreation and culture. They were built between about 1885 and 1954, and are the L.J. Slate Billiard Hall , Allen Arnold Building , A. Victor Building , Lafayette Hume Building , Varsity Theatre , Crosswhite Bakery , and Hume Building . The popular music venue The Blue Note is located within the district.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The main USA Post Office in New Rochelle  is located at 255 North Avenue, at the intersection of North Avenue and Huguenot St. , in the city of New Rochelle in Westchester County, New York. The facility currently serves the 10801, 10803 and 10805 ZIP Codes, covering portions of New Rochelle and neighboring Pelham and Pelham Manor.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as part of a Multiple Property Submission. It is one of 94 post offices in New York State that received artistic embellishment, either mural or sculpture, during the Depression through the New Deal art program.</p><br>
<h2>Post office building</h2><br>
<p>New Rochelle was settled by French Huguenots, who acquired the site of the present city in 1687 and 1689 through Jacob Leisler, Acting Governor of the New York colony, from John Pell, Lord of the Manor of Pelham. The community developed around the original Huguenot settlement. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the area experienced rapid expansion as a commuter suburb of New York City, with the population reaching 60,000 at the time of the construction of the present post office.</p><br>
<p>The first post office was established in 1799, with John Guion, a Huguenot descendant, serving as the first postmaster. The post office operated from various buildings until the construction of New Rochelle&#39;s first federal post office in 1915, located on the site of the present post office. This building was later demolished, and the current post office was constructed between 1936 and 1938. It was authorized as part of the expanded public buildings programs initiated by the federal government to alleviate unemployment caused by the Great Depression. The design of the building was led by New Rochelle resident Frederick Frost, with Hart & Shape serving as Associate Architects.</p><br>
<p>As originally constructed, the New Rochelle Post Office was an outstanding example of public architecture in New York State. It was one of the few Art Moderne style post offices erected in the state. In addition, it was unusual for the terra-cotta clad exterior walls. Unfortunately, the terra cotta was replaced at an unknown date, probably in the 1960s, and the lobby was completely remodeled. Thus, the building has substantially lost its integrity of design and materials with the exception of three murals placed in the lobby in 1940, which still remain.</p><br>
<h2>Murals</h2><br>
<p>The New Rochelle Post Office is artistically significant for its distinctive intact group of murals commissioned by the United States Treasury Department&#39;s Section of Painting and Sculpture.The mural competition was won by David Hutchison of New York City, and his three murals were installed in 1940. The murals are typical of those painted under the public art programs of the period in that they depict historical scenes of local importance; however, they are distinguished by their large size and unusual shape. The main mural, entitled "The Huguenots Lay the Foundations of the City of New Rochelle" depicts a late seventeenth century scene of a group of French Huguenots building log cabins. The second mural, entitled "John Pell Receives Partial Payment for 6,000 Acres," depicts the purchase of the site of the present city by the Huguenots in the 1680s. The third mural, entitled "The Post Rider Brings News of the Battle of Lexington," depicts the community receiving news of the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, a popular theme for post offices in communities which participated in the war. The central panel is about six feet by thirty-three-and-one-half feet while the latter two murals are approximately seven by fifteen feet each</p><br>
<p>Roosevelt Hall is a community auditorium and gymnasium building in Barrett, Minnesota, in Grant County. The building was built by the Civil Works Administration, a predecessor of the Works Progress Administration, in 1934. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 for being one of the few buildings built by the CWA in Minnesota. The CWA made it possible for small communities such as Barrett to build architecturally sophisticated buildings at a low cost. The building has also served as a social, cultural, and educational center for the community.</p><br>
<p>The building is built of wood-frame construction and measures 42 ft wide by 110 ft long. It is faced with western red cedar clapboard siding, and topped with a gabled roof with wood shingles. The interior originally had a wooden gymnasium floor, a 19 ft by 30 ft stage, and a 41 ft by 44 ft balcony.</p><br>
<p>The gymnasium was once used by the local public school, but after they built their own gymnasium in the early 1950s, the hall&#39;s use began to decline. The original stage was removed in 1957, and the building housed a bowling alley for 14 years. It then housed a youth center in 1973–1974, and it was used as an insulation manufacturing plant from 1977 through 1979. The building is now used by the Prairie Wind Players, a community theater group. The theater group built a proscenium stage in the early 1980s. In 2004, the lobby was gutted and remodeled, with new restrooms and new ticket booths.</p><br>
<p>The Jenny Lake Ranger Station Historic District comprises an area that was the main point of visitor contact in Grand Teton National Park from the 1930s to 1960. Located near Jenny Lake, the buildings are a mixture of purpose-built structures and existing buildings that were adapted for use by the National Park Service. The ranger station was built as a cabin by Lee Mangus north of Moose, Wyoming about 1925 and was moved and rebuilt around 1930 for Park Service use. A store was built by a concessioner, and comfort stations were built to Park Service standard plans. All buildings were planned to the prevailing National Park Service Rustic style, although the ranger station and the photo shop were built from parts of buildings located elsewhere in the park.</p><br>
<h2>Ranger station</h2><br>
<p>The ranger station was reconstructed from a cabin originally built by Lee Manges about 1925 which was acquired by the National Park Service in 1930 and moved to the present site. The small rectangular log cabin features a log pole front porch, with decorative half-log sheathing in a V-pattern on its gable.</p><br>
<h2>Crandall Studio</h2><br>
<p>The Crandall Photo Studio was built just east of String Lake in 1925-26 and moved to the Jenny Lake site after Harrison Crandalls property was purchased by the Park Service in 1931. The studio operated at Jenny Lake until 1958, when the Grand Teton Lodge Company bought out Crandalls concession contract.</p><br>
<p>The studio-visitor center consists of two main rooms in a long, deep log structure, with a high open ceiling lighted by clerestory windows in roof monitors.</p><br>
<h2>Comfort stations</h2><br>
<p>The comfort stations were built in 1934 and 1935 from Park Service standard plans by Civilian Conservation Corps labor, based at Jenny Lake CCC Camp NP-4.</p><br>
<h2>Present use</h2><br>
<p>The district still serves as a point of visitor contact, but was superseded as the primary contact center with the construction of Mission 66 facilities at Moose, which themselves have recently been replaced by newer facilities. The Crandall Studio, formerly used is a book and gift store by the Grand Teton Association, as well as functioning as a small visitor center. The ranger station is no longer a primary visitor contact point, a function now fulfilled by the Crandall Studio, but the comfort stations remain in use. The ranger station is now used as a base for climbing rangers and to issue climbing permits. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Hunter Hereford Ranch was first homesteaded in 1909 by James Williams in the eastern portion of Jackson Hole, in what would become Grand Teton National Park. By the 1940s it was developed as a hobby ranch by William and Eileen Hunter and their foreman John Anderson. With its rustic log buildings it was used as the shooting location for the movie The Wild Country, while one structure with a stone fireplace was used in the 1963 movie Spencer&#39;s Mountain. The ranch is located on the extreme eastern edge of Jackson Hole under Shadow Mountain. It is unusual in having some areas of sagebrush-free pasture.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The buildings were designed by architect Eber E. Piers of Ogden, Utah. Piers is more commonly associated with Prairie style architecture; the Hunter Ranch was his only work in a rustic style. Piers was a friend of the Hunters and was paid in room and board, vacationing at the ranch. The large ranch house and guest house, now demolished, was furnished by Thomas C. Molesworth, while the buildings were built by local carpenters, the Nelson brothers. Piers was instructed to model the barn on the Gerritt Hardeman barn near Wilson, Wyoming. The Hardeman ranch was the source of much of the Hunter stock. The Hunter barn, while clearly in keeping with local custom in its character, was constructed to a high standard compared to the more humble structures typical of Jackson Hole ranches.</p><br>
<p>Additional buildings include a chicken house, stud barn, hay shed, equipment shed and garage, all built in 1945. The foremans residence was built in 1908 and modified in 1945. The original log homestead cabin was expanded to the east, or rear, and on the north side, with 1- or -story log structures to become the foremans residence. The log bunkhouse was built about 1921.</p><br>
<p>The 520 acre ranch was sold to the National Park Service in 1957, but grazing, water and land rights were retained by Eileen Hunter until her death in 1989. The Park Service briefly leased the lands and buildings to the nearby Triangle X Ranch, but terminated the lease in 1991 as part of a plan to return the property to its natural condition. The large Piers-designed Hunter residence and surrounding guest cabins were removed in 1992, leaving the buildings associated with the working ranch intact. A bunkhouse, barn and foremans cabin remain. Other Piers-designed structures were moved to the Climbers Ranch and the Teton Science School at the Ramshorn Ranch.</p><br>
<p>The property within the historic district comprises 160 acre, and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office building in Larchmont, New York was constructed in 1937 as part of a program started in 1853 by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the United States Treasury Department. It is in the Colonial Revival style, which was the most popular style for post offices built in New York after World War I. This post office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of a Multiple Property Submission. Approximately 80 buildings within the Multiple Property Submission fit into this style.</p><br>
<p>During the 1932-1942 era of post office construction, a large number of post offices and other federal buildings were built in New York. This surge was intended both to address the long-term need for new government facilities, as well as to employ out-of-work architects, engineers, artists, and other construction industry workers who were unemployed as a result of the Great Depression. The economic climate made it necessary to focus on functional design and a restraint in the amount of ornamentation used. The post office was designed by consulting architect William Dewey Foster. The Treasury Department Section of Painting and Sculpture also commissioned two realistic murals depicting Larchmont scenes from that era. The murals, painted by the accomplished New York landscape artist Thomas H. Donnelly, were unveiled in 1939 and depict the Larchmont Manor House and Larchmont Yacht Club.</p><br>
<p>The Henry DeLand House also known as the Green Lantern Inn was built from 1874 to 1876 in the village of Fairport, New York as a home for Henry Addison DeLand. DeLand was a member of an influential local family and was a baking soda manufacturer. It is located at 1 East Church Street, at the intersection of South Main street.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The painted brick Second Empire building has wood porches and a tin plated steel roof. It contains 4 Italian marble fireplaces and 2 slate fireplaces, painted to look like marble. It was one of the first houses in the region to have indoor plumbing, including a rainwater cistern.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>DeLand lost his fortune and the house covering orange crop losses for his Florida farmers. After the repeal of Prohibition, they opened an official taproom.</p><br>
<p>A decade long restoration project began in 1976. From 1980 to 2005, it was owned by Terrence O&#39;Neil, Vice Chairman of the Fairport Savings Bank. In 2006, it hosted a fundraiser for the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra which had 30 different designers improving the house.</p><br>
<p>Mr. Dominic&#39;s Italian restaurant currently operates in the building.</p><br>
<p>The William Forst House, also known as the Clark House and the First-Clark House, is a historic house located in the Russellville Historic District of Russellville, Kentucky. Built in 1820, it made history between November 18 and 20, 1861, as the site where the Confederate government of Kentucky was formed. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since July 19, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The House is a two-story, five-bay, Federal style building made of brick. It presently has ten interior rooms. When first built, there were only five rooms and a 20 ft hall. These were three 20 x rooms and hall on the first floor, and on the second floor a 60 x ballroom and another 20 x room. As there were still fears of attacks by Native Americans when the structure was built, there are no windows on the sides of the building.</p><br>
<p>The property has seen various changes over the years. In 1890 the interior staircase was replaced. The original kitchen, servants&#39; quarters, and white-column front porch are no longer present. A double-brick stairway takes the place of the porch. In 1964, additions were made for the continued use of the Clark family.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The structure was built in 1820 by William First, an immigrant from England believed to be a cabinetmaker. His surname was later altered to Forst. He built the home to show his expertise in millwork and mantels. In November 1861, the Confederate Sovereignty Committee met at the house. Its 116 delegates from 65 Kentucky counties voted to secede from the Union, although the state capital at Frankfort chose to stay in the Union. While meeting at the house, the delegates elected George W. Johnson to be the Confederate governor of Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>From 1922 to 1942 the house was used as a funeral home, under the ownership of Wister C. Clark. His widow turned the ballroom into apartments in 1960, and the first floor was used as a law office by her son and his law partner.</p><br>
<p>The Jenny Lake Boat Concession Facilities, also known as Reimers Cabin and the Wort Boathouse, are a group of buildings on Jenny Lake in Grand Teton National Park. They include a dock, a boathouse, two employee cabins and Reimers Cabin. The boathouse was built by concessioner Charles Wort, who held the original USA Forest Service use permit from the time before the establishment of Grand Teton National Park, when the lands and lake were under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service. Robert Reimer took over the concession by 1935 and built a personal residence in 1937. The log cabin is an example of the National Park Service Rustic style.</p><br>
<p>The Jenny Lake developed area includes the Jenny Lake Ranger Station Historic District and Jenny Lake CCC Camp NP-4. Reimer&#39;s Cabin was built in 1937 for Robert "Dick" Reimer, who took over the boat concession in 1935. Plans for the cabin were approved by the National Park Service landscape Division, which also supervised construction.</p><br>
<p>The Jenny Lake boat concession facilities were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 24, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Judge John L. Buckley House is a house in Enterprise, Mississippi listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The house is built in the bungalow style. Many of the bungalows built in Clarke County in the 1920s were one-story, undistinguished standardized housing. The Buckley House is more notable than these because of its detailing, which incorporated Colonial design elements. It is also somewhat larger, being one and a half stories tall, and it has a low-pitched roof with broad gables and a wraparound porch. It incorporates traditional design elements into a more modern residential design, and is one of the most sophisticated bungalow designs in Clarke County.</p><br>
<p>The Van Vleck House was built in Jackson, Wyoming in 1910–1011. The log house and barn are the only remaining residential structures in the vicinity of the Town Square.</p><br>
<p>The Van Vleck House was built by Roy Van Vleck, operator of the first "mercantile", or general store, in Jackson. Roy and his new wife, Genevieve Lawton Van Vleck lived in the cabin from 1911 to 1960. The Van Vleck house was notable at the time for possessing its own well, which served much of the surrounding population. In 1920 Genevieve became one of the members of the first all-female town council in the United States, serving until 1923. Roy Van Vleck was the local land commissioner and served on the hospital and school boards. Van Vleck was also a leader of the opposition to the creation and expansion of Grand Teton National Park in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>The house is a one-story log cabin. The approximately 36 ft by 60 ft L-shaped house was moved 30 ft after a 1988 fire and set on a new foundation. It retains its orientation and context. The interior did not survive the fire and has been reconstructed. The barn, which is a few years newer than the house, stands nearby. The barn includes a central brick chimney and is used for storage.</p><br>
<p>In 1980 the house became a restaurant. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995, and is the only authentic historical structure in the central area of Jackson.</p><br>
<h2>Barn removal</h2><br>
<p>In August 2009 work began to dismantle the barn for removal and reconstruction at a new site south of Jackson. The removal of the barn was approved by the town of Jackson, but the town requested that demolition be stopped to allow a review when it was revealed that the town&#39;s list of historic properties did not include the barn, despite its inclusion on the National Register. The owners of the site did not have immediate plans for the property and stated that they wished to "clean up the block."</p><br>
<p>The Rosencrans Cabin is part of a small historic district comprising five log buildings on three acres in Bridger-Teton National Forest, just east of Grand Teton National Park. The cabin was used by Rudolph "Rosie" Rosencrans, who played a role in the development of Teton National Forest and who later became a USA Forest Service administrator in the early 20th century. Rosencrans was buried at this location.</p><br>
<p>Rudolf "Rosie" Rosencrans was a native of Austria, graduating from the University of Vienna and qualified as an ocean navigator. He first visited Jackson Hole in 1900 and returned in 1903 to become a ranger in the Teton Division of the Yellowstone Timberland Reserve. Rosencrans built the first ranger station in the district, which was replaced in 1915 with the present complex. Rosencrans retired from the Forest Service in 1928 because of failing eyesight, and died in 1970 at 94.</p><br>
<p>Located to the west of Rosie&#39;s Ridge, the log cabin at the center of the district is about 33 ft by 22 ft. The cabin contains a kitchen on the west side, with a bedroom and bathroom in an enclosed porch on the north side. The living room features a wood-burning stove. Another bedroom is in a lean-to addition on the east side.</p><br>
<p>Other buildings in the district include two log storage buildings, a log horse barn, and a privy. Rosencrans&#39; grave is to the northeast of the barn, enclosed by a pole fence.</p><br>
<p>The cabin and surrounding structures are near the Forest Service&#39;s Old Blackrock Office, which was also associated with Rosencrans.</p><br>
<p>The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The R.R Donnelley Printing Plant, sometimes known as the Calumet Plant or the Lakeside Plant and now known as the Lakeside Technology Center, was built between 1912 and 1929 to house the operations of the RR Donnelley printing company. In 1993, the plant was closed after the discontinuation by Sears, Roebuck and Co. of its mail-order catalog, which had been the last major account printed there. In 1999 the building was retrofitted and is currently owned by Digital Realty Trust operating as a carrier hotel and data center. The newly outfitted building was the first and largest planned carrier hotel in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Howard Van Doren Shaw to be a fireproof design of poured reinforced concrete columns and an open-shell concrete floor. Although considered to be expensive by the standards of that time, T.E. Donnelley agreed that the support would be needed for the many tons of paper they used and large presses they operated. Supported by 4,675 steel-reinforced concrete columns, this type of construction not only served the Donnelley well, it also provided the perfect infrastructure for future tenants. To further the building&#39;s support structure, reinforcing bars, normally laid perpendicular, were laid at various angles enabling the floors to bear loads of at least 250 pounds per square foot.</p><br>
<p>Current major tenants of the building include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Telx, Equinix, Steadfast Networks and CenturyLink.</p><br>
<p>Exterior ornaments depict symbols of printing history. Portions of the building, including the interior Memorial Library, were designed by architect Charles Klauder.</p><br>
<p>The Snake River Land Company Residence and Office are structures associated with John D. Rockefeller Jr.&#39;s acquisition of land in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, United States. Under the guise of the Snake River Land Company, Rockefeller bought much of the land that he eventually donated to the National Park Service, first as Jackson Hole National Monument and a year later as Grand Teton National Park. The buildings are located in the park, in the community of Moran. They served as the residence and office for SRLC vice president Harold Fabian and foreman J. Allan from 1930 to 1945. The buildings are still used by the National Park Service. The property was owned from 1926 to 1930 by John Hogan, a retired politician from the eastern United States. The Snake River Land Company bought the property in 1930.</p><br>
<p>The ranch buildings were built by John Hogan, a retired politician from the East, who bought William Carter&#39;s homestead in 1926 for use as a guest ranch and fox farm. Hogan built the main residence and the blacksmith shop. Four guest cabins a barn and an ice house no longer exist. The Snake River Land Company bought the property from Hogan in 1930, adding onto the house and building a log garage.</p><br>
<p>The house, also known as Building 117 and as "Buffalo Dorm", is a -story log structure dating to circa 1926. The original central gabled block was flanked by shed-roofed extensions on the east and west sides, with the stone chimney centered in the eastern side. A later shed-roofed addition covers the front of the central unit. A further gable-roofed addition covers much of the western shed wing. The main entry opens into a large office, with a living room to the north and a kitchen and pantry to the west. The sun room, an enclosed former porch, is reached from the living room. The living room has a raised ceiling that forms the floor of the storage loft above. The stone fireplace dominates the room, with bookshelves to either side. Three bedrooms and a bathroom are in the northwestern portion of the house. On the second floor a central landing leads to two bedrooms on the south and southeast and a storage loft (stated to be "bat infested") to the northeast. The interiors retain many of their historic furnishings and contribute to the ranch&#39;s significance.</p><br>
<p>Harold and Josephine Fabian moved to the Geraldine Lucas Homestead in 1945. The Jackson Hole Preserve, which had succeeded the Snake River Land Company, used the house as a residence for Sonny Allen, manager of the nearby Jackson Hole Wildlife Park at Oxbow Bend. The house was taken over by the Park Service and used as a dormitory before being abandoned.</p><br>
<p>April 2019 work started restoring the home for Park rangers</p><br>
<p>The house was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>CCC Camp NP-4, also known as the Horse Concessioner Dormitory and the Climbing Concession Office, at Jenny Lake in Grand Teton National Park was the largest Civilian Conservation Corps camp in Grand Teton. Located at the South end of Jenny Lake, the camp housed young men from 1934 to 1942, who worked on improvements to trails, campsites, employee housing, utilities and timber salvage at Jackson Lake. The surviving structures include a messhall and a bathhouse.</p><br>
<p>It is unusual for CCC facilities to survive, as they were typically dismantled when the CCC program was completed. The camp was later used as a base camp for mountain climbing concessioners. The camp became known as the "C-Camp," accommodating climbers close to the base of the mountains. The bathhouse became the base for Paul Petzoldt and Glenn Exum&#39;s Petzoldt-Exum School of American Mountaineering. The building is still in use as the summer base for Exum Mountain Guides. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 7, 2006.</p><br>
<p>The Geraldine Lucas–Fabian Place Historic District in Jackson Hole, Wyoming is significant as the 1913 home of Geraldine Lucas, a single woman pioneer in a harsh environment. It later became the home of Harold Fabian, vice president of the Snake River Land Company, which assembled much of the land that became Jackson Hole National Monument for John D. Rockefeller Jr.</p><br>
<p>The district includes eleven buildings, about 4.5 mi north of Moose, Wyoming at the base of the Teton Range near Garnet Canyon. The site offers views of the Cathedral Group.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Geraldine Lucas was born in 1866 in Iowa City, Iowa and, following an unsuccessful marriage and with a degree from Oberlin College, became a teacher in New York. She retired in 1912 and sought a retirement home. She joined two brothers and a sister in Jackson Hole and built a cabin in 1913. She filed for a homestead claim, which was granted after a series of difficulties, in 1922. Through a series of deals, she eventually expanded her holdings to 428 acre. She was also the second woman to ascend Grand Teton, making the climb in 1924 at age 58, guided by 16-year-old Paul Petzoldt, who had made his first climb of Grand Teton earlier that year.</p><br>
<p>During her lifetime, Geraldine was resolutely opposed to the activities of the Snake River Land Company, which was buying land in Jackson Hole on behalf of John D. Rockefeller Jr., who planned to donate the land for the creation of what would become Grand Teton National Park. Acquisition of the prime Lucas property was a major aim for the company. After Geraldines death the land was purchased by J.D. Kimmell, with the idea of subdividing and developing the land. He was, however, friends with Harold Fabian of the Snake River Land Company, and in 1944 sold the property to what had become the Jackson Hole Preserve in exchange for rights at Jenny Lake. Fabian and his family moved into the Lucas place in 1946, spending summers there until Harolds death in 1975, under a deal with the Park Service.</p><br>
<h2>Park use</h2><br>
<p>Following acquisition by the National Park Service, the property remained vacant. The 2016 National Park Service historic properties management report for Grand Teton National Park recommended that the buildings be repaired, becoming a visitor destination with interpretive signage.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 24, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Wyoming Army National Guard Cavalry Stable in Newcastle, Wyoming was built between 1933 and 1936 for the Wyoming National Guard&#39;s horses. It is the last National Guard cavalry stable in Wyoming. It has been used as the Anna Miller Museum by the Weston County Historical Society since 1966.</p><br>
<h2>Anna Miller Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Anna Miller Museums is a museum of local history, with exhibits about the area&#39;s pioneers, Native Americans and prehistoric history.</p><br>
<h2>Stable history</h2><br>
<p>Funding for the stables was provided by the Depression-era Civil Works Administration and Works Progress Administration. The Newcastle National Guard unit was formed in 1899 as Company A, Second Regiment, Wyoming National Guard, becoming Company A of the Third Wyoming Infantry Regiment in 1905. In 1921 the Third Infantry Regiment was reorganized as the First Cavalry, finally becoming in 1942 Troop F, 115th Horse Mechanized Cavalry. Similar units with similar facilities existed in Sheridan, Douglas, Casper and Torrington.</p><br>
<p>The original plans for the stables included a 190 ft by 75 ft riding hall adjacent to the stables, using the same materials. Footings were started, but due to the onset of World War II the hall was never completed. Stone intended for the hall was appropriated for other local construction projects. Of the Wyoming units, only Torrington had a completed riding hall.</p><br>
<p>The one story building measures 31.5 ft wide by 168 ft long, with a rock-faced sandstone exterior. The walls are solid stone 18 in thick, with the stone obtained from a quarry on Salt Creek. Stonework was by the Sundstrom Brothers, who also worked on the Weston County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The building was built with stables and a caretaker&#39;s residence within. Much of the interior has an open ceiling with the roof structure visible above. The roof structure is heavy timber trusses on 10 ft centers.</p><br>
<p>The Wyoming Army National Guard Cavalry Stable was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Parting of the Ways is an historic site in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States, where the Oregon and California Trails fork from the original route to Fort Bridger to an alternative route, the Sublette-Greenwood Cutoff, across the Little Colorado Desert. Many wagon trains parted company, some preferring the shorter cutoff route, which involved fifty waterless miles, to the longer but better-watered main route.</p><br>
<p>The junction is marked by a small sandstone boulder about 15 in high, placed by L.C. Bishop and Paul Henderson and inscribed with a left-pointing arrow with "F. Bridger" and a right-pointing arrow with "S. Cut Off." The route was not established by Sublette, but rather a mountain man named Greenwood. The error in attribution arose when Joseph E. Wares Emigrants Guide to California (1849) listed the alternate path as the "Sublette Cutoff."</p><br>
<p>The UXU Ranch is a historic dude ranch in Shoshone National Forest near Wapiti, Wyoming. The ranch began as a sawmill, as early as 1898. In 1929 Bronson Case "Bob" Rumsey obtained a permit from the USA Forest Service to operate a dude ranch on the property, using the sawmill headquarters building, a lodge, and tent cabins. Most of the current structures were built in the 1920s and 1930s from lumber milled on the site.</p><br>
<p>Initial accommodations were tent cabins, with permanent cabins built in the 1930s from local lumber sawn on site. For much of the ranchs history the only access to the lodge and cabins from the road was across a footbridge. A camelback truss bridge was relocated to the site in 1969 to provide vehicular access. The ranch has changed hands a number of times since the Bronsons tenure, but remains one of the most authentic examples of a working dude ranch in Wyoming.</p><br>
<p>The main lodge dates to the late 1920s. The irregular one story log building stands on a concrete and stone foundation. The lodge borrows details from the Old Faithful Inn for the entrance porch and deck. The interior features peeled log finishes. Guest cabins are typically log cabins on stone foundations. Other buildings from the period of significance include an outhouse and a root cellar.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The TA Ranch was the site of the principal events of the Johnson County Range War in 1892. The TA was established in 1882 as one of the first ranches in Johnson County, Wyoming. The TA is the only intact site associated with the range war, with trenches used by both sides still visible and scars on the nearby buildings. The ranch also documents the expansion and development of cattle ranching in Wyoming.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The ranch is located near the North Branch of Crazy Woman Creek south of Buffalo, Wyoming, with the Big Horn Mountains to the west. The property is significant for its role as the scene of a three-day siege in the Johnson County Range War, and as an example of an intact ranching operation.</p><br>
<p>Significant buildings include:</p><br>
<p>Barn: A log-and-frame building built in 1882 and expanded in 1904. The barn was originally 60 ft by 40 ft, expanded to 75 ft by 60 ft in 1904. The barn was the chief venue in the 1892 shootout and preserves gunports cut in the upper north and south walls during the battle.</p><br>
<p>Ranch House: Also built in 1892, the one story log ranch house features logs sawn with a circular saw and nailed into vertical corner logs. Even interior partitions are log. The major rooms have outside doors on the south side, for a total of five doors, a result of the unusual plan with no internal hallway. Rooms have 9 ft ceilings, and the living room and western bedroom have tongue and groove wainscoting. A partial basement excavated in 1910 houses a boiler. The house was also involved in the gunfight and retains bullet scars.</p><br>
<p>Root Cellar: A large 25 ft by 35 ft root cellar was built in 1882.</p><br>
<p>Cook House: The L-shaped log cookhouse was built in 1904 in two phases.</p><br>
<p>Milk Barn: The log milk barn was built in 1915.</p><br>
<p>Meat House:The 16 ft by 16 ft meat house was also built in 1915 of logs.</p><br>
<p>Hog House:The 1915 log hog house was divided between hog pens and a room for processing and cutting pork and hides.</p><br>
<p>Cattle Shed: The open-faced cattle shed was built in 1915 with board and batten walls and a corrugated metal roof.</p><br>
<p>Other contributing structures include a granary, a garage, outhouses and a hen house.</p><br>
<p>Of particular note are the bunkers or breastworks built during the 1892 siege. The cattlemen&#39;s hired guns dug trenches on an elevated location to the west of the barn that commanded a view of the surrounding country. The local ranchers, homesteaders and townspeople who surrounded them built their own breastworks around the ranch. At least ten breastworks were built and three remain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ranch was established in 1882 by Dr. William Harris of Laramie, who had purchased the brand and herd of Tom Alsop, also of Laramie. Harris moved the herd to Johnson County to set up the TA Ranch, remaining in Laramie to continue his medical practice, with Charles Ford as ranch manager. As such, Harris was an absentee landowner and was politically aligned with the larger cattle barons. In 1892 a party of hired guns paid by the Wyoming Stockmen&#39;s Association embarked on a raid to hunt down "rustlers" who were supposedly stealing cattle from the stockmen. However, the mercenary company was resented by the smaller landowners prevalent in northern Wyoming and were confronted by a large group of local settlers and cowboys. The gunmen (frequently referred to as "invaders") retreated to the TA Ranch, which they proceeded to fortify. Soon, about fifty invaders were surrounded by almost four hundred locals. The invaders were rescued by USA Cavalry from Fort McKinney on the third day of the siege.</p><br>
<p>Harris traded the ranch to J.P. Gammon for another property in 1904, and Gammon used the TA to raise Percheron draft horses. In the 1920s Gammon started to raise Hereford cattle and expanded the ranch to raise hogs. The ranch changed hands to the Long Brothers in 1979, followed by several other changes of ownership.</p><br>
<p>The ranch was purchased and restored privately in 1991. Today the TA Ranch is a working cattle ranch, guest ranch and restaurant but visitors are always welcome to view the barn and property free of charge.</p><br>
